Can we construct a group of order $n$ for any $n \in \mathbb{Z}^+$ i.e set of positive integers? Are there theorems which characterize the order of any finite group? What is the smallest possible restriction you can have on a group such that there does not exist such a group of particular order.
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The last part of the question is not entirely clear to me, but if you impose the restriction that the group be nonabelian then there are no qualifying groups of orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 23, 25, 29, .... These numbers are tabulated at the Online Encyclopedia of Integers Sequences. |
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For every $n$, there is a cyclic group of order $n$. In fact ( you can use Upward-lowenheim skolem or compactness theorem from logic to show), there are groups of every infinite cardinality. |
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For a given n, take the cyclic permutation group of n elements having a permutation which sends 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, and so on... This group of permutations is of order n. |
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