# a holomorphic map from closed unit disk to itself

$f:D\rightarrow D$ holomorphic with $f(0)=\frac{1}{2}$ and $f(1/2)=0$ where $D$ is closed unit disk. which of the following are correct?

1.$|f'(0)|\le 3/4$

2.$|f'(1/2)|\le 4/3$

3.both $1$ and $2$

4.$f(z)=z$ ,$z\in D$

Not able to guess which theorem I apply? Swartz lemma? well $4$ is wrong.

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What's $x$ here? – Dylan Moreland Jun 13 '12 at 16:25
What is the point $x$? – copper.hat Jun 13 '12 at 16:25
Dear sir, thats my question also, I am copying from an exam paper.It was $x$ there. – La Belle Noiseuse Jun 13 '12 at 16:26

I strongly suspect there is a misprint in the exam paper, and that the holomorphic map is supposed to satisfy $f(0)={1\over 2}$ and $f({1\over 2})=0$, as everything makes a lot more sense then.
You cannot use the Schwarz lemma, since you do not have $f(0)=0$. But there is a generalization of this result called the Schwarz-Pick theorem, which is valid for any holomorphic map from $D$ to $D$. The Schwarz-Pick theorem supplies you with the inequality ${|f'(z)|\over 1-|f(z)|^2}\leq {1\over 1-|z|^2}$, and when you use this on the two points in the problem you get that (3) is true.
In fact, even more can be said about $f(z)$! Since the two points $0$ and $1\over 2$ are interchanged, the hyperbolic distance between them is preserved, and $f(z)$ has to be a Möbius transformation. A little computation shows that the only possible solution is $f(z)={2z-1 \over z-2}$, and that the inequalities on $|f'(0)|$ and $|f'({1\over 2})|$ are in fact equalities.
It is quite easy to get the Schwarz-Pick theorem from the Schwarz lemma. If the point you are interested in is mapped to some other point, you just compose your function with suitable Möbius transformations to get a map which sends $0$ to $0$, and use the Schwarz lemma on this composition. Unraveling the result gives you the Schwarz-Pick theorem.
One nice way to state the Schwarz-Pick theorem is that no holomorphic map from $D$ to $D$ can increase hyperbolic distance between any two points. You can get to a lot of very beautiful mathematics if you study this topic.