I'm studying p-adic analysis and recently I've learned about the p-adic logarithm function but I can't understand very well how the process of calculating the value should be done.
As an exercise I'm trying to find the 7-adic expansion of $\log_7 42$.
From the definition I know that in order to calculate $\log_p x$ for an arbitrary $x\in\Omega$, I have to write $x=p^r\omega(x_1)\langle x_1\rangle$ where $r=ord(x)=\frac{a}{b}$ and $p^r$ is formally a root of $x^b-p^a=0$, $\omega(x_1)$ is a $(p^f-1)$-th root of 1, and $\langle x_1\rangle$ is in the disc around 1 with radius 1, that is $|\langle x_1\rangle-1|_p<1$. Then
$$\log_p x=\sum\frac{(-1)^{n+1}(\langle x_1\rangle-1)^n}{n}.$$
Now, I have that $42=7(6)$ where $7$ is a root of $x-7=0$, the problem I facing now is that I don know how to calculate the adequate root of 1. I mean, which root to choose? Can I choose an arbitrary $f$? Like for example $f=1$ which gives me that $(-1)^{7^1-1}=1$ that is $-1$ is a 6-th root of 1, and after plugging this into the equation I get $42=7(-1)(-6)$ and $\langle x_1\rangle=-6$, hence
$$\log_p 42=\sum\frac{(-1)^{n+1}(-6-1)^n}{n}=-\sum\frac{7^n}{n}$$
I'm not sure that my answer is correct but I've checked the solution on my book and this gives the correct answer at least for the first 4 digits of the 7-adic expansion (the solution asks precisely for the first 4 digits).
I would like to know if the process is correct for the particular problem, but also what should be the approach for the general case.
I have a suspicion that my solution should be correct, because $f\cdot e=n$ where n is the degree of the extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$ which contains $x$ and $e$ is the index of ramification. In my case (I'm not sure) I have $e=1$ and $n=1$ since $42\in\mathbb{Q}_p$, hence $f=1$ which is preceisely what I've done.
It will be great to have a practical clarification of what $e$ and $f$ could mean for a specific problem like this (more than just the index of ramification and the residue field degree).