# Help with $\int^{\pi/2}_0 \left( \int_{\pi/2}^y \frac{\sin(x)}{x} dx\right) dy.$

Sub-problem, $\int^{\pi/2}_y \frac{\sin x}{x} dx$, emerging on the page 941 p4b here which asks us to find :

$$\int^{\pi/2}_0 \left( \int^{\pi/2}_y \frac{\sin x}{x} dx \right) dy .$$

My instructor once showed me some nice deduction for the thing inside the integral, I think it was with exponential functions or something like that. Now the upper border can be handled with the 1st fundamental rule of calculus but I cannot remember how to proceed with the integral, how to proceed here?

Ragib suggested me to draw but failure, ideas how to fix it? (some oddity with $x_{0}$)

Some observations

Let $f(x,y) := \int_{\pi/2}^y \frac{\sin(x)}{x} dx$.

1. if $y>\frac{\pi}{2}$, then we have no division by zero -case.

2. If $y<\frac{\pi}{2}$ then we may have an indefinite case a bit more problematic situation, particularly when $y<0$.

3. If an upper bound for $\sin(x)$ -- look they start from origin and the linear function is below $\sin(x)$ until point $p_{1}$, then there may be some theorem to use (perhaps some Cauchy-something, researching).

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The function is not elementary. If you have no trouble with the sine integral function, then your function is simply expressed as $\mathrm{si}(y)-\mathrm{si}(\pi/2)$. –  Ｊ. Ｍ. Apr 18 '12 at 13:15
$0$ won't be a problem; in this scenario the sine cardinal's one removable discontinuity is easily fixed... –  Ｊ. Ｍ. Apr 18 '12 at 13:18
Instead of just the sub-problem, always post the original problem, as well as any of your own ideas. In this case, I've found a much simpler way for the problem than what you were thinking of. I've edited your post to include the original problem. –  Ragib Zaman Apr 18 '12 at 13:20
wolframalpha.com/input/… –  dato datuashvili Apr 18 '12 at 13:24
@Ragib: do you think the title of this question should be changed, seeing that you solved OP's actual problem? –  Ｊ. Ｍ. Apr 18 '12 at 13:52

$$\int^{\pi/2}_0 \int^{\pi/2}_y \frac{\sin x}{x} dx dy = \int^{\pi/2}_0 \int^{x}_0 \frac{\sin x}{x} dy dx = \int^{\pi/2}_0 \sin x dx = 1.$$
something odd with borders, could you add some details? $\int^{\pi/2}_0 \int^{\pi/2}_y \frac{\sin x}{x} dx dy = \int^{\pi/2}_0 \int^{x}_0 \frac{\sin x}{x} dy dx$? –  hhh Apr 18 '12 at 13:31
@hhh Have you learned how to adjust the limits of double integrals after you change their order? Drawing a picture can help you see the new limits. In general, $$\int^{a}_0 \int^a_y f(x,y) dx dy = \int^a_0 \int^x_0 f(x,y) dx dy.$$ –  Ragib Zaman Apr 18 '12 at 13:36
Making a drawing of the region is always helpful. If you're unable or unwilling to draw the region, you can use Iverson brackets instead: $[0\leq y\leq \pi/2][y\leq x\leq \pi/2]=[0\leq y\leq x\leq \pi/2]=[0\leq y\leq x][0\leq x\leq \pi/2]$ –  Ｊ. Ｍ. Apr 18 '12 at 13:55